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Some people are born with physical disabilities.
The following are reasons why poeple suffer from disabilities.
1. Chromosome changes
2. Environmental changes
Examples:
-radiation
-infections and viruses
-drugs and chemicals
There are also external causes of physical disabilities that are a direct result that happen to people after they are born, such as:
-accidents
-injuries
-amputations
-acquired diseases
-Stroke
>Spina Bifida.
It is caused when a child's spinal cord doesn't develop properly. thus, the child's backbones don't close around the spinal cord, which leaves part of the spinal cord's covering or the cord itself is exposed. The nerves in this region then can't work correctly, because they do not connect inside the body.
Spina bifida can result in other disabilities like:
-hydrocephalus (enlarged head due to excess fluid in the skull cavity)
-deformed muscles
-loss of urinary control
-mental retardation
People who suffer from this disease cannot walk by themselves and must use a wheelchair, leg braces, or crutches in order to get around.
>Down syndrome
It occurs when either the sperm or egg cell has one extra chromosome, resulting in a fertilized egg with 47 chromosomes instead of the normal 46.
This disability affects more than 7000 children each year.
Some signs that may indicate Down syndrome are:
-floppy muscles
-one crease on the baby's palm
-slanted eyes
-flat-bridged nose
-flexible joints
Other problems associated with this disease include:
-mental retardation
-heart and lung problems
-hearing and vision problems
>Cerebral palsy:
This disorder affects the brain and the muscles, which means it affects how a child learns and grows. It is caused when the parts of the brain that control movement are damaged.
There are several additional disabilities that can affect people with cerebral palsy. Not all sufferers have these problems. They can include:
-inability to walk (paralysis)
-speech problems
-vision and hearing problems
-mental retardation
Taken from:
http://www.unc.edu/~kscavone/physicaldisability.htm#disabilities
People with acquired disability:
In general, people with acquired disabilities usually go through a difficult emotional adjustment process, with their bodily adjustments to treatment and continual care process. It starts with shock over sudden disability, which develops into anger, denial and grief. Self-esteem is usually shattered and needs to be rebuilt, along with the change in body image and condition. They get into worries, fears and anxieties of their future. Over time, they can ultimately overcome their adjustment periods and advance to acceptance and coping of their disabilities. Some will strive towards greater independence physically and financially, if possible. For some who do not make it, they will become frustrated and depressed as time goes by.
People with congenital disability:
This disability group usually adjusts to their condition physically and emotionally during their growing period. In general, some have low self-esteem especially in a neglected situation. Those with severe condition but with good mind may see themselves as a burden to their family. Whereas some are very positive with supportive family members. The situation for those staying in an institutional home, they may feel rejected if their family members do not contact them regularly. On the other hand, they may just live day to day as their basic needs are being taken care.
In conclusion, people with disabilities (for both congenital and acquired type) face a lot of social challenges like educational opportunity, independence level, employment and marriage opportunities. They require assistance from the family, peers, society and government to help them to cope with their disabilities and move towards independence.
Taken from:
http://www.hwa.org.sg/resources/infonewdis-eff.html
How we can help these children in our playground:
Not all diabled people will remain permenantly disabled. People who are victims of accidents and stoke can still make a recovery and do things any other people can do.
In our playground, we have built our physio therapy corner so that those on the way to recovery can use it to help their recovery be of a faster and smoother process.
We also have hopscotch that can be used for children who have almost made a full recovery and children who have Down Syndrome. They are not disabled in terms of the ability to use their arms or legs but in fact suffer from mental disability.
We have wheelchair parking lots for people who have bought their walking sticks to try out walking.
Our tree house is also handicapped friendly as it can move the handicapped up and down the tree with a device that is like a pulley.